New Lad..... you say you are coming from the USA on a 6 day tour of Bali and (post #15) you've been to India many times.
Many others have answered your questions in a succinct way but you seem to be wanting to go around and around and not identify what you specifically want in such a 6 day venture.
Why don't you tell me when you will arrive and depart. I will then personally advise where you can enjoy, to the best of your desire, according to your budget...free of charge!
BTW there is nothing available for US$20/night unless you want to bunk with my driver and his dog...

...Edit. apologies...the dog moved out!
to answer your post # 26
1. Do not do anything on day one. Blue Bird taxis can get you to where you want within the confines of the area Kuta/Legian/Seminyak on a meter...until you get over jet-lag. Taxis in Indonesia are about the cheapest mode of transport in the world.
2. Ignore all the immediate touts at the airport as if you know your way. Depending on where you initially decide to stay look for a normal Blue Bird taxi that will take you there on a meter. If your intent is to travel far
after arrival i.e. Ubud...you are on your own. I would not advise such a venture as has also been suggested by others,
3. Bali is as safe as any other country and IMO probably safer...it behoves travellers to look after their personal belongings whether in Bali or Bermuda. Safety boxes are as normal in hotels in Bali as anywhere else I've visited...except the middle of the Sahara.
4. It is worthwhile to exchange a small amount of US$ on arrival at the airport for local payments until established....(say $50). Expect around Rp 12,500-13,000 for US$1. When rested, there are established money exchangers everywhere...avoid the street vendors. Bring newish, clean US$100 notes to get the best rate...crumpled five bucks....not so much.